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During the 28th Summit of Heads of State and Government of the African Union held at its headquarters in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in January 2017, some African leaders adopted a "Strategy of collective withdrawal" of African states from the Rome Statute establishing the International Criminal Court (ICC). Most ICC prosecutions in Africa, however, are just responses by this international court to the referrals made by African Leaders themselves, faced with the inability of their states to try and sentence themselves perpetrators of serious crimes committed on their territories or by their nationals. More substantially, this book underscores on one hand the undeniable importance of African participation both in the construction and the functioning of the ICC and, on the other hand, the misunderstanding of the criticisms of some Africans, both the main beneficiaries and disparagers of the ICC's action in Africa. This book (already available in French version) also places the ICC in the socio-historical context of its emergence, with a greater effort on the attempt to clarify the crimes falling within its substantive jurisdiction, while suggesting the amendments of certain provisions of the Rome Statute which institutes and organizes its operation.